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22/12/2005.

(1) Introduction

This book was written as a way of expressing the personal feelings and ideas of a person who has been interested in politics since the age of 14 years. This person has had strong feelings about the future direction of social economics, country financial economics, and the future political degradation of the systems in Australia.

Joseph Peter Rossi immigrated to Australia in the 1950s. Of Italian birth and background, he cannot forget the views expressed by his father, Carmine, of what actually happened politically in Italy during Carmine's youth and what was purported to have happened in the Italian history books.

His father's history telling to Joseph was taken by Joseph as the views and facts at the time, which sounded bizarre, exaggerated, fictional, and irrelevant for the 1960s and beyond.

This was especially so when there were better-educated politicians and better informed voter populations and better economies of the world’s powerful countries.

(2) It was regarded as a minimum for males to go to school to grade two so they could add up and write letters to potential girlfriends and eventual spouses.

The females were regarded as home carers and wives. They were to go to school to grade one so as to be able to write letters to potential boyfriends and eventually husbands.

The views expressed by Joseph's mother, Giuseppa Rossi, after his father's death in April 1977, were also considered by Joseph as bizarre, exaggerated, fictional and irrelevant for the 1990’s and beyond.

Joseph tried to prove that both parents’ political views were wrong in many, if not all issues.

Governments elected political corruption, legal judiciary corruption, council corruption, and police corruption but as he became more involved in politics and political parties the more he found his parents to be right and accurate. He was never able to prove his mother wrong on even one issue, be it interpersonal relationships, education, parenthood, financial investments, or political directions before her death in June 1999.

(3) Joe cannot cover all contingencies, firstly because it’s impossible and secondly because things change from generation to generation due to government policies and interference.

The following are examples:

The reasons for the increase in the crime rate in Australia in the 1990s to 2005 are similar to the political reasons it increased in Italy in the 1920s and 1930s.

(4) Crime

They have protected the offender with all the rights of how they may be innocent.

Attorney Generals have shown more than reasonable tolerance towards crime.

Zero tolerance cannot be achieved due to unforeseen circumstances where the law cannot be everywhere every time or because of unreliable witnesses and heredity or genes of violent tendencies in existing or newborn generations.

If the law is for zero tolerance then, in the vast majority of cases, most conflicts can be avoided with those persons that only have a calculating or opportunistic criminal mind.

This could be one reason for lawyers to fight for people's rights in defence.

Zero tolerance would cause such a reduction in crime there would be a direct proportion in the reduction of crime to the employment of lawyers, judges and the police force, not to mention other indirectly related occupations such as social workers, psychiatrists and prison officers.

Crime rises under socialism as the criminals are defended by the socialist governments and then the same socialist political party re-introduces harsh penalties to gain control of the people. It becomes tough on crime, not on the criminals, but all its citizens.

The government then becomes a dictator leadership government.

What Mr. Michael Atkinson and Mr. Rann are suggesting now is similar to fix the problem they first caused.

Are the present Liberal Party politicians as incompetent and similar to the conservative parties’ politicians of Italy in their opposition to Mussolini or the opposition politicians of Germany against Hitler?

Has there been any similarity between Australian crime laws and crime rate directions under the Federal Labor Party during the years 1973 to 1993 and those of the Italian Mussolini or the German Hitler crime rate directions of the Italian /Germany Governments from 1919 to 1939?

Original protection of the criminals is identical and the increase in crime rate is becoming identical. We only have to wait for the tough laws to be implemented by Labor while the media and the Liberal Party sit back and allow it to happen.

I predict that within 10 years a dictatorship under Labor will occur in Australia.

Italians now love Mussolini.

I have spoken to many Italians about the conditions and benefits that Mussolini brought to Italy during his control.

Many still praise him and say good things.

Why then did my father say?

“The commissioned officers in charge of the Italian army and air force gave orders not to shoot down airplanes bombing fuel dumps and ammunition dumps.

A few planes were shot down because the natives of North Africa broke ranks and commenced firing.

Most of the time, to pacify the natives, blocks of chocolate was rationed to them to encourage them to conform and obey.

Mussolini, according to my parents, took (confiscated) land, buildings, gold and even copper cooking utensils from the wealthy to give to the poor.

The poor families could only send their female children to grade 1 and the males to grade 2 primary education; just enough for them to write their names or send love letters.

When war was declared the persons who could read and write came from the wealthy. They were the commissioned officers. They were resentful towards Mussolini. Why should they fight, why should they lose their lives? What had their government done for them?

How come this version could be wrong?

The jokes from the Australian Army version that I heard in my twenties is that:

“A handful of British or Australian soldiers captured, at times, a whole Italian regiment without a shot being fired.”

(5)Someone’s history books must be wrong. Is it the Italian history or the Australian History?

Or will it be the same as my dislike for Don Dunstan’s Labor achievements and the official praise of him in the official history books as a figure of imagination.

(6) Emigrated

His father's history telling to Joseph was taken by Joseph as the views and facts of the time but bizarre, exaggerated, fictional and irrelevant for the 1960s and beyond.

This was especially so when there were better-educated politicians, better informed voter populations and better economies of the world’s powerful countries in the late 1990s.

Yet, as he became more involved in politics and political parties the more he found his parents to be right and accurate.

He was never able to prove his mother wrong on even one issue, be it interpersonal relationships, education, parenthood, financial investments, or political directions before her death in June 1999.

Carmine Rossi served in the 2^nd world war, had three sisters and two brothers. (One brother died in the 2^nd world war.)

Giuseppa Rossi, his wife, had two sisters and three brothers. The youngest brother served in the 2^nd world war.

(7) In Italy

Mussolini, the Italian dictator, had a law that all males, except for the first son, who were at 20 years of age were required to serve in the armed services for one year.

His father, Carmine Rossi, born 12.01.1918, was required to serve in 1938 and was then forced to continue on because of pending war, which was then declared in 1939.

Carmine served in Algeria, where he was taken prisoner and moved to England, travelling all over the country as a prisoner. While a prisoner he became a cook.

Joseph’s uncle on his mother’s side, Angelo Mastrangelo, born 23.07.1920, was also in the war and taken prisoner and moved to Australia where he learnt to speak English and became a translator for the prison guards.

One of the prison guards, when the war ended, asked Angelo if he would like to emigrate and work for him on a farm. The policy was for the prisoners to return to their own country become discharged from the armed services and then they could apply to immigrate to other countries if they wished.

Angelo and Carmine were discharged from the army on their return to Anzano di Puglia Province of Foggia, Italy.

Carmine Rossi married Giuseppa Mastrangelo on 12.05.1947, sister of Angelo.

Angelo asked Carmine if he, Carmine, would like to go to Australia instead of himself and work for this farmer he had met as his prison guard.

Carmine’s father died in a bushfire when Carmine was very young, under 10.

Giuseppa’s father also died when Giuseppa was very young, under 10.

Without fathers, it was hard to increase family wealth.

What wealth was already in the family they would be lucky to keep and hold on to. The children then would have to divide that wealth equally amongst each of them, some six to eight family members,

Leaving very little land and buildings afterwards to support another whole family.

The best thing was to immigrate to another country and make a fresh start.

(8) Carmine Rossi agreed to come to Australia.

My father said ‘yes’ and Angelo wrote to Mr Gordon Derrington (Don) and Mrs. Kathleen Mary Moseley of Amberley, Keith, in the south east of South Australia, to ask whether he would accept my father and lend him the money.

The money would be repaid by regular deductions from wages for the ship passage costs to immigrate to Australia.

All this was agreed.

Carmine started his ship voyage from Italy via Naples to Australia, via Melbourne, to the former Army guard, Mr. Don Moseley of Keith, South Australia.

Carmine Rossi, DOB 1918, arrived in Australia in 1949. He worked hard and paid off his travel expenses.

My father helped to build Mr Moseley's house and the one he was to live in on the farm. At Amberley, Keith, I lived in the house at the back.

The houses were made of Mt Gambier limestone, with cement tile roofs and cement slab floors.

In the boss’s house was a coke fuel water heater, wood stove and battery-operated lights, charged up by a wind generator, and an inside toilet.

In the workers’ house (my parents) there was large laundry, wood burning, copper vessel, kerosene ‘fridge, kerosene pressure lantern, wood combustion stove, a large fireplace that could take whole gum tree stumps and an outside toilet.

Both houses were standing, solid as ever, when I last went to see them in January 1999.

Soon after repaying the cost of his emigration, my father again asked for a loan to have his wife and two sons to join him on the farm at Keith, South Australia

My mother and I wanted to migrate to Australia to join him.

Again, Mr Moseley agreed and my mother and I arrived in Melbourne on 2^nd February 1952 on the ship Vivaldi Lloyde Triestino.

Joseph’s younger brother died from a vaccination injection required to be given just before departure to Australia in 1952.

(9) On arriving at the farm, some 10 miles (16 kilometres) south of Keith, on the Naracoorte road, Giuseppa first met, naturally, the owners (boss), a white person, and his wife.

A few weeks later an aboriginal turned up at the front door and my mother nearly died of shock to see, for the first time, a different coloured person, half naked with a beard and looking like a devil. A shock that Giuseppa never forgot.

The farmer had one daughter and one son.

The son drowned in a sheep dip and I can only remember the daughter. Her name was Patricia.

Patricia used to walk some 100 metres, come to my bedroom early in the morning and wake me up to milk the cows, separate the cream, have breakfast and then play till the school bus picked me up.

Carmine Rossi became a naturalized Australian on 05/10/1956

Children were allowed to become naturalized at the same time so I was also naturalized on the same application and at the same time.

Instead of using my correct name, Giuseppe, either Carmine or Mr Moseley put Joseph and, instead of being born on 21.05.1948, they put 22.05.1948.

From the date of becoming an Australian citizen my father started getting letters from Dr Forbes, a Member of Parliament, requiring me to translate for the family as much as I could from whatever schooling I had learnt.

(10)CARMINE ROSSI AND GIUSEPPA TRIED THEN TO GET THE REST OF THE FAMILY TO AUSTRALIA.

As money was saved Carmine applied for Angelo, the brother-in-law, to come, then a nephew, and his wife’s sister’s son, Giuseppa Troiano, to immigrate to Australia.

Then it was time for Troiano’s brother-in-law, Capuano, and Sister Rosa Capuano to emigrate.

This was not to be.

The husband of Rosa, as soon as he arrived, wrote to his wife saying that he would not support her coming to Australia.

Giuseppa Rossi then made every effort to get her here without him.

Joseph, as the child who could speak the most English, was required to write letters and speak to politicians in an effort to get Rosa to immigrate to Australia.

We approached Dr Forbes and Mr. Clyde Cameron personally.

Giuseppa nearly succeeded were it not for Mr. Capuano intercepting letters at Keith addressed to Carmine and becoming aware of the immigration papers.

Capuano immediately raised objections to the passport and thereafter one application after another was unsuccessful.

Capuano found a mistress and his wife never came and died in about 2004.

As family members came they commenced work at Mr Moseley’s farm as farm hands.

As one came another left the farm for different work.

Giuseppe Troiano went to the quarry industry, driving trucks, Angelo bought a truck and worked for the local council, building roads, others joined the railways at Tintinara, building the railway from Adelaide to Mt Gambier.

Those working for the railways eventually transferred to Adelaide.

Then, as families brought their own family members over, they commenced working for Holden’s, and so the occupations spread to shop keepers, land agents and land salesmen.

Some of the family names were Peter Iacoviello, Antonio Colella, DOB 1938, and Giovanni Melino, DOB 1928. Each had four to six brother or sisters and their partners.

As for Carmine Rossi, he was liked by the farmer and knew about primary production.

Carmine Rossi introduced the growing of split peas and peas in the middle of winter amongst the wheat, barley and oat crops.

Giuseppa Rossi knitted woollen gloves, socks, and jumpers.

She bought and looked after 300 chickens a year, rotating the chickens 300 a year. One year was for black, the next white and the next red fowls.

Giuseppa grew all kinds of vegetables in the garden, using chicken manure and manure from the outside toilet in a 20 litre bucket.

Carmine Rossi bought a block of land at Keith and built a house to call his own in case of a dispute with the Moseleys.

Fortunately there were no disputes.

When my father gave notice and left the Moseleys in February 1960, due to a back injury that prevented him from picking sheep for shearing and crutching, the Moseleys were sorry to see him go.

On many occasions they came all the way from Keith to Adelaide to visit the Rossi’s until each passed away.

In 1959 my father, Carmine, went to Adelaide and bought a house at 13 Elizabeth Street, Croydon.

He rented it and returned to Keith.

In February 1960 he returned to Adelaide permanently.

He asked the two tenants whether they would leave and they said they preferred to stay.

It was one family, a husband who worked at the Hindmarsh Post Office, and his wife, with one daughter and an elderly woman.

They were happy to shift together after my parents looked for and bought another house.

My parents stayed there for two moths and then bought a house at 6 Patricia St., Woodville West.

(11)I attended the Keith area school and was very good at sports, such as football and cricket.

As a matter of fact, I lived for sport and neglected school homework.

I, at grade 6, was asked to play with the high school football team even though my school marks were never higher than 65% but mostly between 45 and 55%.

To earn enough money to buy or build the family’s first house.

My mother did her own enterprises, such as asking the boss for one female sheep to help make warm socks for my father, then asking for a cow to help with the milk for me while I was young.

After providing one sheep and one cow for the personal use of my family the boss liked the warm socks that my father wore and wanted a few pairs for himself. Then he wanted a share of the milk, then the cream, then the cheese. So my mother asked for extra sheep and cows and got them.

From this my mother added a few chickens, which ended up as 200 whites a year and 200 Rhode Island reds then 200 blacks.

She sold the eggs to the local hotel at Keith and then to the railway gangs along the Adelaide to Mt Gambier line while it was being built. From eggs came the vegetables of all types, cabbages, lettuce, cauliflower, spinach, watermelon, cucumbers etc. Then came the fruit trees and peaches, apricots, nectarines, mulberries, oranges, and lemons.

All of this was ending up at the railways or the local hotel.

My mother maintained this produce on her own while my father worked hard and long hours to keep the boss happy. Both the land owner, Mr Moseley, and my parents were pleased with each other, one for being a good worker and the other for letting the family have all the benefits of a private business and use of a small parcel of land.

After my mother joined my father the family and friends in Italy wanted to come to South Australia also so they contacted my parents to seek immigration to Australia.

My Uncle Angelo came, then a few more friends and relatives from Anzano di Puglia, like Giovanni Melino, Angelo Leonard, Pasquale Mastrangelo and Peter Iacoviello. They the joined the railways as rail guards, cooks and gang workers etc., located from Tintinara to Bordertown.

Then came their own friends and relatives like

Antonio Colella, born 1938, Antonio Auciello, Giovani Melino, born 1928, Pietro Iacoviello, Pasquale Mastrangelo, and so on.

Most were just teenagers or just married and about 22 years old.

REPEATING…

My father helped to build Mr Moseley's house and the one he was to live in on the farm. At Amberley Keith without having previous experience and the house at the back where I lived.

They were made of Mt Gamier limestone Iron roof and cement floor slab.

In the boss’s house was a coke fuel water heater, wood stove and battery-operated lights charged up by a wind generator and inside toilet.

In the workers house (my Parents) had a large laundry wood burning copper vessel, a kerosene Fridge, kerosene pressure lantern, wood combustion stove, large fireplace that whole gum tree stumps could fit and an outside toilet.

Both houses were standing solid as ever when I last went to see them in January 1999.

Editing continued…

After the two houses my father helped build on the farm he commenced and completed building his own house at 10 Davis Ave., Keith. My parents never lived in it but he leased it first to my uncle Angelo and nephew Giuseppe Troiano then to others of the town until he sold it to Maria Symens, daughter of Donato and Costanza DeGiorgio, in the late 1960s. The same occupants were still there as at January 1999.

I was required to get up as early as 5 o'clock in the mornings, winter or summer, and collect rabbits and reset rabbit traps in the local sand hills. There were rabbits everywhere and we used to kill them and sell the meat, drying the skin in the toilet rafter, some 100 metres from the house, and sell that too.

Then I had to milk the cows, which started with one and ended with up to six.

This job started with milk alone and then the boss bought a hand milk separator and I had to separate the milk so the boss could have his cream on bread for his breakfast.

Then I had to feed the chickens, eat, wash and be ready for the school bus in the morning and the same thing happened at night in reverse order.

(12) In wintertime there was about 2mm of ice on the puddles of water when I got up and in Summer time during harvest time I was required to go with my parents and help them saw wheat, barely and oat bags in sometimes 117 degree Fahrenheit temperatures.

Dad had the task of banging, shacking the bags hard to the required weight and I was to fill up the bags by using a small bucket taking one lot out of a bag nearby to top up the bags that had been packed. My mother of course had the task of sawing them.

My parents were paid so much a hundred bags. My parents were paid so much a hundred bags. (Four Pounds a hundred)

Starting with the boss Mr Moseley and ending up with the other local farmers in the area.

In the mean time every Christmas my parents and I came to Adelaide for a few days holiday and every Easter the friend from Adelaide came to the farm for a few days holiday.

It was friendly sharing work experiences and catching up with parent's childhood gossips while their children and I played climbing trees, sharing the farm shores and playing in the hay stacks.

Due to a back injury on the farm my father then gave notice of quitting the farm and move to Adelaide in February 1960.

He had bought a house at 13 Elizabeth Street Croydon the previous year from a Mr Tedesco, who worked, as a guard on the railways, was a land Agent and an ANZ Bank Agent. His daughter by the way is Doctor of Medicine Dr Maria Tedesco at the Port Road West Croydon Clinic as at June 1999.

I remember two families living there while we were there for a few months.

One family moved in with the other because they did not want to leave.

The first worked at the Hindmarsh Post office the other was a pensioner.

I enjoyed watching the trains and hearing the train crossing bells every time the train went by.

Most of my parent's friend from Italy who came to Australia lived in Croydon and Norwood.

So I had a wonderful time seeing them on most weekends.

Most of them including us did not have money or used the money to buy rental properties so the local delicatessen on Elizabeth Street next to the post office bought a TV and put it on the counter.

Most night the local Italian children used to go there and watch TV and at the same time buy lollies, cool drinks etc.

It was a real community spirit and atmosphere.

Watching Rin Tin, Tin Rifleman, Rawhide, and Bonanza etc.

Because of the cramped conditions and good tenants my father searched for another house.

He asked me where Mr Moseley’s nephew lived that used to come to the farm in the September holidays. I said I thought it was Woodville so we bought the house at 6 Patricia Street Woodville West. Latter I found out Mr Moseley's nephew lived as a dentist son at Walkerville not Woodville.

I attended the Woodville Primary School and every chance I got before school after school and on weekends I played football with Geoff Coward, Bill Trellis David Tonkin and Malcolm Blight on the

School oval and or the Adelaide Nitke Kindergarten oval at Woodville South.

While going to Woodville primary school immediately after school from 4 to 5.30pm and Saturday Mornings I worked at the Coles New World Supermarket at the corner of Woodville Road and Port Road Woodville located across the road from the school stacking shelves preparing vegetables for the counter sweeping the floor with wet sawdust and a yard broom. And treating the meat on the Saturday with saline solution to keep it fresh over the weekend to the Monday.

Every time I had school exams I got just below or just past pass way mark, which was not good, and my mother used to be concerned and spank me for such low marks.

One mid year exams I think it was grade 6 I failed in every subject and this is when my father also became concerned dad both he and my mother spanked me, both at the same time.

Well it hurt and for the rest of the school year instead of thinking about football and cricket I thought about the spanking and schoolwork.

Well in that final year exam I got near 100 % for arithmetic and over 70% for other subject but I still failed English.

(1) Adelaide Schools

From Woodville primary I went to Findon High School.

The first day we were asked to sit for an aptitude test and we were graded accordingly.

Some of my schoolmates went to 1A grade right down to 1F, which was where I ended up 1F.

I did woodwork and instead of Latin or German.

I still was interested in football and cricket and my parents were still against me playing a sport as they felt school was more important and getting a university degree was paramount.

Well I still played for the top teams in football and I still failed most subjects.

They transferred me to Saint Michaels College at Beverley where a friend of mine Peter Bagnara in Holden Ave Woodville west went and attended grade 2^nd year blue class.

Gold was for the high I.Q. students.

At the college it was compulsory to play a sport and we had a choice football in winter and swimming in summer or School cadets all year round.

Well I wanted to join the school cadets but my father refused to give permission because of his experience of the war he did not want his son be go through one or practise for war.

So again I played football for the top team and again I failed most subjects.

For summer I was forced to go the swimming classes and I remember the first time having to go to what was known as the Adelaide City Bathes off King William Street where now is the Festival theatre

I was only 4ft 6inches and never been in deep water before. We were asked to get into the water and I decided to attempt to swim across the pool where the water was 4ft 6 inches deep instead of diving off the 3 ft deep end and swim the length of the pool where the depth was over 10 feet.

After some time dog paddling I thought I must have reached the other side of the pool so I stopped paddling and reached for the side.

But no! Instead of swimming directly across I swam diagonally to deeper water and I began to sink.

On reaching the bottom I sprang myself up out of the water and called for help. Screaming!

No help came as no one seamed to hear me over the noise of other students. I thought I was gone; I decided to bob up and down grasping

For air as I did so till I got the side of the swimming pool and held to the side till I recovered from the fright.

From Saint Michaels College I was sent to Muirden College in King William Street Adelaide.

There I came across a lot of Asian students and some very good teachers.

Mr Muirden senior was exceptional in all subjects English Maths, book keeping the lot.

He made all subjects interesting but with all the good teachers I still could not grasp English. What was Shakespeare got to do with 1960's

Life experience? What had James Watt date of birth of death got to do with today's life?

I was interested with Geography geology and Maths but I could never understand English where we were given one sentence and asked to make 250-word assay story from that.

I could never exaggerate or dream only getting to the point of actual experience and to the point.

Again I just passed most subjects and failed English, which was a compulsory subject for entry to a University.

I left Muirden college

(2) My after School hour Jobs

During the school Christmas break I worked at Myre Store in Rundle Street Adelaide in the motor vehicle section in the basement as a shop assistant during 1964 and 1965.

At the end of my school days 1066 I applied to work at News Ltd newspaper, as a store person while I waited for a clerical position that I was told was to come up.

I waited some 3 months and started applying elsewhere.

I applied for a junior geologist in Tasmania and for a clerical position with Tecalemit at Woodville North.

Commenced Work

During the school Christmas break I worked at Mire’s Store in Rundle Street Adelaide in the motor vehicle section in the basement as a shop assistant during 1964 and 1965.

At the end of my school days 1066 I applied to work at News Ltd newspaper, as a store person while I waited for a clerical position that I was told was to come up.

I waited some 3 months and started applying elsewhere.

I applied for a junior geologist in Tasmania and for a clerical position with Tecalemit at Woodville North.

And commenced working at Tecalemit as a sales clerk for 4 years then as a Bus trainee driver for the MTT at Hackney and then factory clerk at Kelvinator.

I always wanted to get into the government so I went back to night school and was accepted as dispatch clerk at Natural Gas Pipelines Authority and eventually in Fishers dept and Engineering and water supply in 1974 to 1993.

I remained a SA Public servant till I won the SA State Election in December 1993.

Shift Work

I worked shift workday 8am to 4pm afternoon 4pm to 12am midnight and Night 12am to 8am. Only one person was required on duty in the afternoon and night. We all knew for 7 years ahead when we had free Christmas days or any other public holidays to ourselves.

The building was new and everything in it was modern.

The roofs leaked and water dripped onto the fax machine.

The computer went off service every time there was lightening and the H.F. radio one could hear on most occasions more clearly transmission from Western Australia but not from a few hundred miles away like Yunta or Moomba SA.

When I got married I was put off from Natural gas Pipelines Authority. Mr Don Dunstan the then Premier of SA recommended to the Chairman of the Public Service Board to employ 3 others and me into the State Public Service. I commenced work in the Fisheries Dept as an assistant Correspondence Clerk.

I remained in the SA Public servant till I won the SA State Election in December 1993.

(3) Work Practices in Australia

In the 1950's most Australia born from English background worked hard in the country regions and some in the Cities While others thought they were born to rule and employed immigrants from Italy and Greece to do tasks that were consider dirty, noisy, or heavy.

There was contract work based on so much for each units of item produced.

There was security of employment based on speed and performance in competition with a fellow worker.

The work ethics towards productivity, honesty, and industrial relations was good in the 1950's. It became less important in the 1960's and completely broke down in the 1970's, as workers demanded more wages, more sick days, more holidays.

Some rested during work hours so that they were given paid overtime wage rates to meet production demands.

The workers demands were high while they produced fewer and less quality products and took home (stole) what ever they could from all employers be they big or small, be they private firms or government departments.

Even whole car engines were taken home through the front gates of firms for employee's own use or to sell while the unions still defended the rights to work of those same employees.

With the Labor Party in Government in most states of Australia small business firms readily sold or were acquired by larger multi-national

Companies or closed under union demand and cost pressure on employment condition.

Under the Federal Labor Governments of the 1980's most of the multi-national companies again were forced to move their operations overseas for the exact same reasons of union demand on wages and conditions while productivity fell.

The few multi-national companies that remain within the shores of Australia now seek to employ contract labour from agencies.

A worker cannot even find one nail, one piece of wire or a hammer to fix a genuine work site repair little alone is able to take the item home.

It has gone from one extreme to the other regarding organizational security.

Part time day-to-day employment is the norm instead of the exception.

Permanency of employment is rare and workers are justifiable worried where the next days pay packet will come from, the employer or Social Security unemployment agency.

Unemployment was low because increase in birth rate and immigrants were coming into the country demanding more goods and services. These goods and services had to be produced from within the country due to either not available elsewhere or because of Government tariff restriction.

Today in the 1990's there is reduced birth rate and while there could be the same immigration rate we as a country are still importing too much

Goods and services, which match or exceed the demand of the extra immigrants.

(4) Mother works at Fruit Factory.

I cannot ever forget taking my mother to Jones Fruit Factory at Regency Park (Andale) and then they moved to Woodville North seeking work as a fruit cutter for canned fruit and jam making.

There were hundreds of men and women young and in mid 40’s seeking work in those few weeks between December and February fruit-picking season.

The female supervisor would start at the end of the potential workers awaiting interviews and she would walk fast and say by word you to that side, those that she wanted and when she reached the start of the line she would waive her hands and say you lot can now go home.

Three years in a row my mother stood in front of me and I immediately behind and every time the supervisor pick my mother and not me without a word been spoken.

She must have had intuition or gut feeling of those hard workers and that not so hard.

My mother was one of the first females of the Italian Anzano community to seek factory work and then the rest followed suit.

(5) WHY I became interested in Politics.

The First incident for wanting to enter parliament and change the world was:=

On the death of the tenants the house was again rented out.

In about 1965 a white man called in to rent the house.

He said that his wife was in the rural country and he wanted the house.

We gave it to him.

A few weeks passed and his wife came to stay with him.

A few weeks latter his wife’s friends turned up.

A few weeks latter again he left the premises and his wife.

A few weeks latter again the rent payments began to stop.

A few weeks latter again, my father gave the tenants notice to pay rent or vacate the premises.

Carmine Rossi my father then went to the Residential Tribunal, and the top lawyers in Adelaide to find any means of recovering rent and damages from the tenants. All to no avail.

The tenants did not pay rent; they did not leave the premises.

The tenants took the doors off and burnt the wood in a 20 litre drums, then the floor boards, then the window frames.

Yet my father could do nothing.

Eventually the gas was cut off then the electricity, and then the toilet became blocked because newspaper was used.

Eventually the tenants left and only the roof and bricks remained.

The second incident for wanting to enter parliament and change the world was:=

When my father asked a work mate to fix a tape recorder.

While fixing the recorder my father mentioned that he was not a member of a union at work.

The work mate reported him and the union demanded he join.

Carmine Rossi refused to join a union at Pope Ltd in 1965. He was given the sack at Christmas 1965 and my father then went to Italy to see his mother and sisters.

On his return to Australia on the day of the decimal currency he applied to get his old job back, but again the same request to join a union was made.

Wherever he went the same demand was made.

By April he conceded went back to Pope Ltd joined a union and got his old job back.

Not only did he get his job back but the union requested the company to pay him back pay which he thought was unfair.

The Third incident for wanting to enter parliament and change the world was:=

When my father went to a union meeting and put his hand up to vote on an issue.

He was voting against strike action and was immediately punched in the ribs by union representatives for his audacity.

Call that democracy.

(6) Letter to Banks regarding better Credit Card Security.

Letter to head quarters of all the seven major banks

The Federal Treasurer, Parliament House in Canberra

Reference Better ID for Bankcards.

Dear Sir/Madam,

I would like to inform you that I do not like to give out my account number to organizations who can withdraw any monies at any time without my knowledge until I receive the next statement from a financial institution.

Why can it not be practical to make electronically placed cheques whereby the second party accesses the branch bank and account and if the same payee name appears then funds are transferred? (Identical to a manual chores procedure.

Also I keep misplacing my Visa card.

I do not use it often and refuse to use it if at all possible.

I once lost a visa card (1982) on a bus and only found out about the loose when I received a bank statement.

It had been used to the sum of over $800.00

I asked the bank why a photograph could not be placed on it and was told it was too costly.

May I suggest that a magnetic code or a symbol digit or letter in the card number be placed to indicate that the account holder requests that an additional second card be used to identify bonofide?

A different number to indicate a Drivers license, or a firearms license, or a work identity card, (all of which would be a card with a photograph).

These photo cards are plentiful these days and an added security to the personal security number that can be guessed or broken, and an added security to the signature which can be forged.

The back of the Visa cards have a different strip instead of signature, have photo required.

I have contacted a bank first about the above suggestions and was told it was up to Visa International.

I contacted Visa International on 27^th July 2000 and was told it is up to the banks to suggest them.

Yours sincerely

Joseph Rossi

Banks responses were all in the negative.

(1) Constitution State and Federal

I have always believed from my readings of the original South Australian Constitution and the Federal Constitution that they were very well written and with honourable intention. I still support such belief. On speaking about the well intentions of the Constitutions I have been told by some sceptics that the Constitutions were supported and vetted by the Government of England. So that the Government of

England insured by the wording of the Constitutions that it still had control of the Politicians of Australia.

If this is the case then by the same token it insured that the people, the electors also had control over the Australian politicians and any possible abuse of their laws and powers.

The Labor governments under Whitlam and the High Court have managed to change the interpretation of the Australian Constitution that I fear for the abuse of powers of future Australian politicians.

Under a Republic Constitution this will be more evident to the peril of the electors.

(2) Crime

It seems that the lawyers who have entered parliament have brought about a deterioration of the state and federal constitution as it was originally meant and have also deteriorated the state finances.

An example would be

Lawyers

Don Dunstan, John Bannon, Golf Whitlam, Mike Uren

John Howard.

In my opinion no lawyer should be elected to premier.

The Attorney General that we in South Australia have had from 1968 to 1999 has been very poor in listening to the people and passing laws that have protected the victim.

Such attorneys Lawyers have been Mr. Peter Duncan, Mr. Chris Sumner, and Mr. Trevor Griffin.

They have protected the offender with all the rights of how they may be innocent.

The attorney Generals have had more than reasonable tolerance towards crime.

It is bad enough to have zero tolerance and as it is impossible to accomplish zero tolerance.

Zero tolerance cannot be achieved due to unforeseen circumstances and hereditary or genes for violent tendencies of existing or newborn generations.

However if the law is for zero tolerance then in a vast majority of cases most conflicts can be avoided with the calculating or opportunistic criminal

There could be only one reason for lawyers to fight for people's rights of defence.

Zero tolerance would cause such a reduction in crime that there would be a direct proportion in reduction to crime to the employment of Lawyers, judges, and the police force not to mention other directly related occupations such as Social Workers, psychiatrists.

The crime rate as it happened in Italy crime raises under Socialism as the government defends the criminals and then the same socialist political party to gain control of the people becomes tuff on all its citizens to become a Dictator leadership.

(3) Death penalty Bill Instructions to Parliamentary Legal Team.

Page Clause Particulars.

1 1 Protects the community from crime

1 2 Allows the bill to go to the people for their consideration.

It is about time the politicians that do not want to get their hands dirty or are not prepared to represent the people. This section gives them a way out.

Also I believe it is about time we the politicians give some power to the people because all past moral issues have been manipulated and the Labor party have made a mockery of the people and their wishes.

2 self explanatory

3 4 It allows the defendant to escape one offence and the clause allows for the wrong person from being put to death for an offence he may have committed but the evidence may be based on 1 witness or one forensic evidence alone which in past verdicts 1 in 100 persons have allegedly been found innocent after a period of years. This clause takes away that possibility of the wrong person going to death for a crime one may not have committed or may have been framed.

4 7 a person who through lack of experience at what he may be capable of doing in a fit of rage or under the influence of alcohol may be forgiven and escape the death penalty but if that similar offence occurs under the same circumstances than it is the responsibility of that person to make sure he avoids the causes of one's weaknesses and can and must not be forgiven a second time or third or forth etc.

5 9(3b) A person from a different cultural background may not be able to forget his traditional custom which may conflict with the country of adoption

This clause would then allow for this and if still found guilty then there can be no excuse or pity for the offender.

In some cases where the victim and the offender are from the same cultural back ground then may be it could be accepted as normal behaviour and sufficient punishment for an offence under that custom.

I.e. Aboriginals -spear punishment.

Arabic background different punishment acceptable. Etc.

8 clause 19 (2) the person must be trained for that purpose it is desirable to have a medical practitioner but need not be compulsory, a nurse with experience may be suitable.

However a medical person should be present to announce that the offender has met all criteria of death. I.e. heart stopped brain dead reg amorous has commenced and the offender is beyond the point of loss of consciousness.

8 20 The lethal injection I consider to be more human because I consider no difference between what is acceptable now for open heart surgery, lung surgery etc and the lethal injection.

The procedure pre-operation medication and for the death penalty should be identical.

The only difference should be that in pre-operation health treatment a person should in the normal desired circumstances recover from consciousness and the death penalty w person is not supposed to come out of a long sleep.

9 22(e) the execution is not to be a martyr or to be sensationalised

The death penalty is only supposedly to be a deterrent to others

The results of how many offenders committed the crime and how many offenders missed out on the death penalty should be put in Hansard and or the newspapers - not the offender’s names or description of the crime.

In this way potential offenders will not see crime as a way of becoming important persons in history which I consider counter productive to the intention of this bill.

(4) DNA Testing

Blood testing

DNA testing before marriages.

Firstly I believe that there should be compulsory DNA testing of all persons who contribute to the birth of a child in Australia.

The reasons being that these children are then brought up at a cost to the tax payers for any deformity or health problems such as – asthma, whole in heart, depressions, attention disorders, diabetes, heart attacks, etc.

Also with all the technology that we have little is known of the health problems if any that mixing of different blood groups has on the new born.

If the results prove a correlation between poor health and blood groups then marriages between the relevant groups should be sanctioned

(5) Dual Citizenship

Issue of dual citizenship for holding parliamentary office seats.

As the major political parties believe and enforce with membership of their organizations that a member can not belong to more than one party and is frowned upon those that have been. They are considered untrustworthy, traitors, mischievous and rats to the party. So too should dual citizenship be frowned upon for the same reasons and be not allowed for the same reasons and allegiance between foreign powers and Australia.

(6) Finances

In the 1950's the banks were for the customers. They looked after the customer over savings and restricted loans to customers who may not be able to repay.

The Reserve Bank kept a monitor on the banks and the interest rates.

The Government spent tax monies on war defence, urgent necessary infrastructure, and keeping income ahead of spending.

In the Don Dunstan year of Premier ship a since of social justice began and this was expanded by the Prime Minister Golf Whitlam in to 1973 to 1975 which was never to be curtailed by incoming Governments or Prime Ministers.

The cost of social services outstripped income and the Australian foreign debts became a burden.

Now the treasury reminds me of the Three Stooges when they were plumbers.

There were required to fix a leaking pipe and they put on tee pieces, extension pipes, elbows, extension pipes tee pieces until they were surrounded and entangled by such pipe work yet the same water was coming out. The only thing they had to do is either put one plug or keep reducing the diameter of the pipes till a wood dowel plugged to end of the hole

The treasury does the same, they introduce bank FID SD, whole sales tax, import tax, exercise tax, increase income tax, compulsory superannuation etc and yet at the same time Social welfare such as youth Training scheme, Unemployment, Child endowment. Rent relief, free medical, telephone, gas, and council rates subsidies.

Now they are going to bring the GST. Why do they not just reduce spending?

(7) GST Taxes.

I have heard that 15% of employers employ 50 % of workers.

These employers pay most of the state payroll tax, and they want the GST.

The 10% GST that is about to be introduced will only compensate for the present payroll tax that the state now gains.

So the 10% GST I can envisage will have to increase to at least 15% within 3 years and could go as high as 18 % shortly thereafter.

The cost of goods that at present attract 20 % whole sale sales tax will not reduce because 20% on $1-00 whole sale price = $0-20 cents = $1-20 cost + profit margin 100% = sale price $2-20.

Under the GST 10%

Shop purchase price $1-00 = GST 10% = $1.10 + profit margin 100% = sale price $2-10 = GST10% customer pays $2-21.

Cost of goods will not be reduced because where there is a reduction on whole sale sales Tax on goods there will be a GST on shop lease, council rates, rubbish collection, GST on all wages be it big or small retail shops, value of existing shops will automatically go up by the same percentage as if costs were for a new complex

As a teenage child in the early 1960’s I watched the 3 Stooges

In one show, the 3 Stooges were plumbers. They were required to fix a leaking pipe in a room. They put on tee pieces, extension pipes, elbows, extension pipes tee pieces until they were surrounded and entangled by such pipe work yet the same amount of water was coming out.

The only thing they had to do is either put one plug or keep reducing the diameter of the pipes till a wood dowel plugged to end of the hole or the hole to become so small as to cause a trickle

The Australian politicians and treasury are doing the same thing with money.

They introduce bank FID SD, whole sales tax, import tax, exercise tax, increase income tax, compulsory superannuation etc and yet at the same time Social welfare such as youth Training scheme, Unemployment, Child endowment. Rent relief, free medical, reduces telephone, gas, and council rates by giving subsidies.

Now they are going to bring the GST. Why do they not just reduce spending?.

(1) Health and Hospitals

South Australian Labor Politicians in resent times wanted to introduce Euthanasia. They say for the betterment of the terminally ill and to bring dignity in dying.

I consider that doctors do practice unofficially Euthanasia when the patient and relatives request such action when everything else has failed.

This I can say from experience with the death of my father from cancer in April 1977 and that of my mother in June 1999.

As for legalizing Euthanasia I feel the opposite.

Let’s look at what really happened, the Dunstan, Bannon Labor Governments.

With the legalizing of abortion based on medical reason it is now abortion on demand.

Legalizing of homosexuality so that individuals could do it in private without police interference now they want to adopt children, have martigra and force their values on others,

Legalizing Euthanasia well bring death first on demand at the direction of relatives and then at the direction of the government to cut health costs. With an aging population and an increase in hospital cost to support those members that supported them in the Union dues in the 1960's to the 1980's it is better to knock them off if they have no relatives to check on or interest in those elderly.

Those elderly that do not meet the above criteria but give their consent in time of depression to knock them off while in that state.

Does this seem impossible? I do not believe so.

As in history where one person has dreamed of something another person has performed that dream.

I voted against it when I was in Parliament because of the above concerns. Also because there was a killing of some 7 people in a nursing home in Victoria .By a doctor who was only found out when an unexpected relative of the eighth patient started took an interest in the patient and started asking questions of the slow deterioration of that patient.

The Nursing Home and the Doctor were found guilty of causing death to those patients.

Was that murder?

I interpret it as murder.

(2) High Court

If the high Court judges are the people that are independent of government and is the where the intentions and interpretation of legislation is enforced and precedence set. How come different judges interpret the dictionary in different ways and different years different interpretations are made?

How come the judges are appointed by the governments of the day instead of appointed by their peers?

How come ex Attorney Generals are appointed to the Appeal courts. The ex Attorney Generals can not be seen as independent as they were the architects of some if not most of the current legislation.

Why should judges of lower courts refer to the interpretations of judges from higher courts?

Why not all judges refer to the political speeches and therefore the intention expressed at the time the legislation was debated in the first second and third readings of the relevant Parliament. Only then would there be consistency and expressed intentions mentioned.

Abuse of power by incoming governments could not be abused without the opposition party and the media first making the potential abuse of power aware to the electors.

My understanding is that the Parliament is the highest court available in the relevant State and or Country.

Remember anyone can be bought if the price is right. Judges can be bought.

(3) History repeats itself

Where the government tampers with the original philosophies of the Countries constitution and the media tampers with the truth.

How many governments tried to get rid of their monarch in the world?

What political persuasion were they and what happened to the economy of that country.

What was the political persuasion of those governments at the time who declared war on their neighbouring countries?

What was the crime rate in those countries at the same time as the monarch was sent into exile or deposed?

What political persuasion were they and what happened to that country's constitution.

Let's see which countries had a monarch and then became a Republic to mention a few.

Hitler in Germany 1920's, Mussolini in Italy 1920's, Yugoslavia in 1998-9 Cambodia,

Hussein in Iraq in the 1990's, Most African Countries, and South American Countries like Argentina and Chile in the 1970's.

There is a potential correlation of the above with politics in Australia

More partners swapping the more they do not listen to the electors.

The more they disrespect they have for there voters and supporters.

The Socialist political Parties commenced to disapproval of monarchs and the socialists declared war on neighbouring countries.

(4) Immigration

On this subject I may sound a bit harsh and hypocritical whatever it is a point of view that needs to be discussed.

Do immigrants bring a better lifestyle and economic benefit to the country of Australia or any other country for that matter?

In most cases one has to say yes.

They do bring demand for goods and services. They do bring diversity in food and culture.

Like to the animal kingdom famine, wars and disasters force people to risk their lives to move to another refuge in another location are it in another suburb, town, state, or country.

When taking refuge there is always a challenge to be recognized and accepted in that new location.

There is always shuffling for a niche and power play for food, work, shelter, and assimilation.

As I always look for correlation is it rightly or wrongly I compare the arguments for immigration to that of animal quarantines and native animal exporting. Like the animals, there are the tame, the fragile, and the passive then there are the fierce, the argumentative, and the aggressors, the selfish, the domineering.

It is the latter type of people that understandably the Australian people object to and want a need for the aggressive people to be screened for self-preservation.

One cannot avoid people born in their own country with violent tendencies but the normal desire is to minimize them in the community before they take over the community.

There has always been discrimination of race first against the Aboriginal then the Chinese then the Italian and Greeks and now against the Vietnamese and Asians.

I found discrimination very bad and server in my early childhood then it waned and became prevalent again in Politics amongst the Labor Party members and the media.

No law can prevent discrimination only make discrimination more subtle.

I found discrimination very bad and it was very severe in my early childhood then it waned and became prevalent again in Politics amongst the Labor Party members and the media when I entered their domain as an MP.

No law can prevent discrimination. Laws only make discrimination hidden and underground.

(5) International Treaties

What political Party in Australia thought of Treaties?

What did the parliamentary debate mean by having Treaties and what topic did they cover?

Did treaties originally refer to War disputes or conservation issue?

Not death penalty

Not child rights

Not United Nations Dictating

Not conflict with internal freedom or interfering with internal Democracy and

In the United States they have not interfered with the basics of their Constitution and the protection of their citizens. They have interfered with all the other countries of the world and other country's Constitutions. With the Formation of the state of Israel, International Treaties covering regional issues from such things as women's rights, conservation, banking and the United Nations Communistic organizations.

National Competition Policy

National Competition Council

Who organized it?

Who make up the committee?

-How can they dictate SA elected Government and people what they must except.

(6) Labor Politics

In politics one gets disillusioned with trying to do the right thing.

One has the media to contend with. It never reports what a person says accurately or what a person is trying to say in a message.

The media picks on a word or phrase and blows up the dramatic.

It is also engages in knocking of tall poppies syndrome.

As a child in the early 1960's I could not remember this being as prevalent as it is in the 1990's. This has been especially prevalent after Premier Don Dunstan began employing young journalists in the 1970's and now they are in position of authority in the one state Newspaper of South Australia. The same method has also been employed by other states in the country.

I believe that the Labor Party has let down the workers as they continually listen to the Union organizers instead of the general workers. The union organizer are in my opinion have low morals, low

Sense of business values and experience and are in a majority of cases bullies in thought, words and deeds. Normally they say do these or we will close your business down.

The small business organization has not enough money to fight the Union nor has enough money to transfer its whole business operations overseas.

So its operators either die from illness due to stress or the firm dyes into bankruptcy.

It is quite interesting to have a survey of the politicians who are in power now in the 1990's as to those in the 1950's or 60's.

Regarding there morals, they back ground and their marriages.

How many in the Labor party over the years have been -,

(1) Married to one or more partner.

(2) How many lived in a defacto relationship.

(3) How many took the Oath or affirmation in Parliament.

(4) How many were lawyers.

(5) How many lawyers were Premiers and what happened to the economy during their reign?

You may find that the more breakdown of the above values the more badly the persons have conducted themselves honourably in Parliament and towards their electoral duties.

The more lawyers have been leaders the more abuse of the constitution and derelict of statesmanship.

(7) Labor Party Policy Failures.

(1) Worker participation in work places decision-making. -Labor failed more and more workers are either put off or on part time employment through agencies with absolutely no say in work practice.

(2) Equality of the sexes in the workplace and employment- Labor failed- most women are now put on part time employment again an absolute failure in the original intentions and directions.

(3) Equal pay for equal work between the sexes and age. Yet women have maturity leave, parental leave, and monthly problems that limit their physical ability. - Labor failed -More and more women and children are put on the unemployment list

(4) Decriminalize Homosexuality now they have equality in family children adoption.

The children of course have no choice in who are their careers. This should not be allowed.

(5) Free Medical - Labor failed- this cost has been exorbitant and about to collapse.

(6) Free Further Tertiary Education. I did not believe in this because only the top 50 percent of the people in a particular course will get a

Job potential employers would consider the rest failures. - Labor failed as they reintroduced fees for education in less than 10 years.

(7) Preference to work and promotions to Union members. Why should they be preferred? Only the best person with the best work attitude towards the organization, with the best interests of the organization should be selected.

People interested in union protection automatically have a negative benefit towards the employer organization.

It’s what is for me, me, and me? - Labor failed, as there is less and less people feeling safe in employment in their work place and more businesses are collapsing.

There should be freedom of association

(8). No child shall live in poverty by 1990. -Labor failed - The only thing close to achieving this goal is that poverty is only a comparison between the have and has not. Labor was achieving this by reducing the have to have not, so no comparisons could be made. Australia nearly became bankrupt and businesses started moving off shore.

Labor failed -Well there is more poverty, more drugs, more child and teenage suicide

(9) Deregulating the banks so that competition shall reduce costs to customers. - Labor failed -The opposite has occurred for the consumers or customers. More bank charges, more banks closing, fewer services provided, less customers are listened or concerns heard.

(10) Divorces to make women and children avoid pain and suffering from conflicts at home. - Labor failed- there is more divorces more sadness more emotional tensions for children in particular and more emotional stress for the working partner and more couples are getting divorced and living single lives.

(11) Afford able housing. The government has run out of money so the system has broken down and less affordable housing available.

(12) introduced the X-Lotto to fund better Hospitals - I ask where the money gone and still is going. The hospitals are is disarray financially, and structurally

(13) Introduced Poker machines to Fund State running cost. Well all that money is either going to overseas hotel owners or state share going to combat gambler addiction people that least can afford to gamble and most likely were Labor supporters.

(14) Labor Shadow Attorney General Mr. Michael Atkinson member for Spence - another gambling addiction, introduced two up for the Labor supporters.

(15) Introduced sex education in schools so that there would be less unwanted children being born and less abortion performed. - Labor failed - There are more abortions and more young unmarried girls getting pregnant.

(16) Introduced abortion legislation and clinics so that only those unwanted children would be aborted based on physical medical grounds. - Labor failed in this too- there are abortions on demand not based on medical grounds alone or based on supply exceeding families requesting adoption.

(17) Important goods and services required for the benefit of all constituents should be controlled and maintained and held by the government- Labor failed in this also-

Don Dunstan was the first to sell unprofitable state government resources. Remember he was the Premier who the first state Government enterprise. He sold the South Australian country railway lines and services to the Federal Government. Labor sold Quanta's Airline, Commonwealth Bank to mention a few enterprises.

(18) Adulthood

16 years for medical treatment without parents consent.

18 years to vote.

21 Years the old adulthood age.

23 years old for health medical cover under parent's cover.

Years for exemption from parents’ mean testing. What confusion and choices given so those selective votes can be obtain through stealth and not facts or consistency?

(8) ALP Record

Labor costs and how many years of Labor Broken Promises.

Labor in government

Year Number

Of years.

1967 to 68 1

1970 to 79 9

1982 to 93 11

Total 21 years out of 30 years. (How many broken promises does one forgive)

Quoting Kevin Hamilton Labor Member for Albert Park

(One cannot make silk out of a sower’s ear.)

38 Hour week times $10 per hour = $19,760 per year. (Say round figure $20,000)

For every $1 million dollars 50 people could be employed for a year.

Every $1/2 million equals one of the latest high tech hospital equipment to save lives, reduce pain, reduce waiting list for the young the sick and the elderly.

US$1M equals Aust $1.5M

US$37 M = Aust $55 M = 2750 employees for 1 year or 1375 teacher wages for one year.

Labor has looked after their voters, the Australian worker, especially the union ticket holder and the young Australians by investing

(Aust $ 55 M) US $ 37,000,000 in New York.